Final answer:
A mathematical formula for problem-solving exemplifies an algorithm, which is a repeatable problem-solving strategy with a defined set of instructions, ensuring consistent results.
Step-by-step explanation:
Using a mathematical formula to find the solution to a problem is an example of an algorithm. An algorithm is a problem-solving strategy characterized by a specific set of instructions. This method provides step-by-step guidance to achieve the intended outcome, ensuring the same result is obtained every time it's used, much like following a recipe. An algorithm differs from a heuristic, which is a more general problem-solving framework or mental shortcut that doesn't guarantee a correct result but is often faster and easier to use.