Question

Which of the following is true about the history of psychology?

a. Psychology was influenced by theoretical developments in philosophy and biology
b. Women did not play a role in psychological discovery prior to World War II.
c. The shift from functionalism to structuralism at the turn of the twentieth century signaled a renewed interest in brain anatomy
d. Prior to the advent of brain imaging psychologists thought of the mind as a "black box" because they could not measure mental activity.

Answer 1

Psychology was indeed influenced by developments in philosophy and biology and women made notable contributions well before World War II. Additionally, the cognitive revolution marked a significant shift from behaviorism to studying mental processes in psychology.

Step-by-step explanation:

True Facts About the History of Psychology

The true statement about the history of psychology is: a. Psychology was influenced by theoretical developments in philosophy and biology. Wilhelm Wundt and William James are considered to be among the founders of psychology, establishing it as a distinct scientific discipline from philosophy in the 19th century.

The paradigm shifts in psychology have seen the discipline evolve from Wundt's structuralism, focusing on introspection and the components of cognitive experience, to the more integrative approaches of contemporary psychology that encompass various subdivisions such as biological, cognitive, and social psychology.

Despite historical biases and challenges, women have played a significant role in psychological discovery even before World War II. With pioneers like Margaret Floy Washburn, who was the first woman to earn a PhD in psychology, and Mary Whiton Calkins, who conducted significant research in memory and self-psychology, the contributions of women to the field are undeniable and significant.

The shift from behaviorism to cognitive psychology in the mid-20th century marked a transition from focusing solely on overt behaviors to acknowledging and studying mental processes.

This shift, known as the cognitive revolution, reemphasized the importance of cognition in understanding behavior, supported by advancements in neuroscience and computer science, and influenced by interdisciplinary collaborations within the cognitive sciences.