Final answer:
The statement that the probability of making a Type I error is p < .01 when a researcher reports a significant correlation at an alpha level of .01 is true.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question concerns the concept of significance levels and Type I errors in statistical hypothesis testing. When a researcher reports a significant correlation at an alpha level of .01, this means that they have set their threshold for making a Type I error (rejecting a true null hypothesis) at 1%.
Therefore, the statement that the probability of making a Type I error is p < .01 is true. This is because the researcher has articulated their willingness to accept that there is less than a 1% chance of incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis when it is indeed true.