Final answer:
The US faced significant supply chain problems during the pandemic, exacerbated by a surge in the price of oil and gasoline. This, along with global food system vulnerabilities and reliance on international trade, led to product shortages and inflation. The price of oil and gasoline had the most significant impact on supply chains. The correct answer is option c.
Step-by-step explanation:
During the pandemic, the United States experienced significant supply chain problems resulting in product scarcity and pricing increases. Supply chain disruptions, including shortages of essential supplies, hindered production capabilities for numerous products. Consequently, there was an increase in the cost of goods such as food, batteries, and computer chips. The lifting of lockdowns in 2021 did not immediately resolve these complexities, as the economic implications persisted, with inflation and economic instability causing further job closures and compounding supply chain issues.
The global food system faced challenges due to border closures and quarantine measures, escalating food insecurity and malnourishment rates. Another factor that greatly impacted the supply chain was the price of oil and gasoline; a surge in oil prices, due to shortages, extended the crisis by limiting the transportation of products and raw materials.
Despite the global trade reaching a volume of $32 trillion, inflation and supply chain problems persisted, fuelled by the pandemic and subsequent economic measures such as stimulus checks and unemployment benefits. The reliance on global markets added to these struggles as geopolitical tensions, such as the war in Ukraine, induced further fragmentation and trade disruption.
In conclusion, while there were multiple aspects that affected supply chains, including the shortage of containers, airline problems, and reliance on global markets, the factor with the most significant impact on supply chains was the price of oil and gasoline, which is the correct option from the choices provided.