Final answer:
The internal conversation we have with ourselves is known as b. self-talk. Self-esteem and self-concept are related to how we perceive and evaluate ourselves, while locus of control pertains to whether we attribute our outcomes to internal or external factors.
Step-by-step explanation:
The internal conversation we have with ourselves in our thoughts is known as self-talk. This internal dialogue can be positive or negative and is a powerful influence on our overall well-being and mental health. Additionally, our self-concept is our understanding of who we are, and it shapes our ability to navigate through life. Our self-esteem is the level of confidence in our own abilities and can be influenced by self-talk. Furthermore, the concept of locus of control helps to understand whether we believe that we control our own outcomes (internal locus of control) or if factors outside of our control dictate our outcomes (external locus of control).
Therefore, when a student believes that they got a bad grade on their psychology paper because their professor doesn't like them, this indicates an external locus of control, as the student sees their outcome (the grade) as being determined by outside factors rather than their own efforts or abilities.