The distinction between fine art and popular art has traditionally been influenced by Eurocentric perspectives, privileging forms like painting and sculpture while diminishing others deemed 'craft.' Contemporary thought aims to appreciate all forms of artistic production, blurring the lines between these categories and critiquing the traditional art historical canon.
Understanding Fine Art and Popular Art
Within Western traditions, there has been a historical tendency to privilege certain art forms, such as painting and sculpture, above others and to label these as fine art. This is often contrasted against popular art, which includes forms of artistic production more associated with commercial purposes or everyday aesthetics. For instance, artwork from pop culture, mass media, or traditional craft, such as basketry or needlepoint, often fall under the category of popular art. The distinction between the two can be blurred, however, as the fine art sphere has been influenced by popular and commercial art, particularly evident in movements such as Pop Art.
It is important to recognize that these divisions were historically influenced by Eurocentric art historians and can perpetuate misleading assumptions about the value and significance of art. Notably, art made by women or artists outside of Europe was and sometimes still is categorized as 'craft,' thus diminishing its perceived value in comparison to the so-called 'high' arts. In an effort to level the playing field, contemporary study tends towards a more inclusive understanding that appreciates global artistic production regardless of the medium or artist's identity. Additionally, the term visual culture is more encompassing, recognizing the visual aesthetic choices made in everyday items as part of the broader artistic landscape.
In critiquing the traditional art historical canon, we ask questions about what is included in art history and work to expand our understanding to be more inclusive of diverse forms of artistic expression. By challenging these conventions, the modern approach to art seeks to dissolve the barriers between fine art, popular art, and craft, instead focusing on the intrinsic value and impact of the work itself.