Final answer:
Lost updates are one of the three common problems affecting data integrity and consistency in databases, where concurrent transactions overwrite each other's changes, leading to potential data issues.
Step-by-step explanation:
One of the three most common data integrity and consistency problems is lost updates. Lost updates occur in a database system when two or more transactions select the same row and then update the row based on the value originally read. If these transactions are executed concurrently without proper isolation, the last update overwrites updates made by the other transactions, leading to potential inconsistencies in the data.
Other common issues like disk failures and user errors can also affect data integrity but are not typically grouped with concurrency issues like lost updates or deadlocks. Deadlocks occur when two or more transactions prevent each other from proceeding by holding locks on resources the other transactions need, resulting in a standstill that requires intervention to resolve.