Final answer:
In Erikson's theory, the transition into late adulthood involves overcoming 'integrity versus despair,' where individuals reflect on their life achievements and failures. The correct answer is b. old.
Step-by-step explanation:
Daniel Levinson's study of developmental stages does touch upon the challenges faced in late adulthood, but it is Erik Erikson who is notably associated with outlining the psychosocial stages of human development. In the late adulthood stage, which extends from the mid-60s till the end of life, Erikson describes the central challenge as 'integrity versus despair.'
Individuals in this stage reflect on their lives and achieve either a sense of fulfillment and integrity, or they feel a sense of regret and fall into despair. Those who are able to overcome these feelings of regret successfully transition into accepting their past and can attain a sense of wisdom and peace. Conversely, those who cannot may struggle with thoughts of what they "should have" or "could have" done, feeling as if their lives have been wasted.
The correct answer to the question regarding the transition stage people pass through when entering late adulthood, according to Erikson's theory, is b. old. They must cope with and reflect upon the sum total of their life experiences to overcome despair and achieve a sense of integrity.