Final answer:
The process to check for the likelihood of false positives in predictive models is called testing cross-validation, which involves split data sets to validate model predictions. Verification also requires addressing confirmation bias, where individuals seek information confirming their beliefs. Peer review is the formal process ensuring research originality and quality before publication. The correct answer is C. testing cross-validation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process of checking for the likelihood of false positives in predictive models is called testing cross-validation. This process involves splitting the data into sets, training the model on one set, and then testing it on another set to validate the model's predictive capabilities. By doing this, one can assess how well the model generalizes to new, unseen data, which helps in identifying potential overfitting and the likelihood of false positives.
When we seek out information that supports our stereotypes, we are engaging in confirmation bias. This is a cognitive bias where individuals favor information that confirms their preexisting beliefs or hypotheses, often leading to the erroneous conclusion and undermining the decision-making process.
The formal process through which scientific research is checked for originality, significance, and quality before being accepted into scientific literature is known as peer review. This ensures that only high-quality research contributes to the field of study.