Final answer:
The process by which one social group takes on the traits of another is called acculturation, and it implicates a cultural exchange, while assimilation involves a minority group taking on the characteristics of and blending into the dominant culture. The correct answer is c. acculturation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The method through which one sociological group takes on the traits of another, more powerful group in society is called acculturation. However, if the process involves a minority group taking on the characteristics of the dominant culture to the extent where it gives up its own identity, this is known as assimilation.
Assimilation is the concept where minority individuals or groups lose their distinct cultural traits and adapt those of the more dominant group. This can be a voluntary process or occur through direct or indirect pressures from the dominant culture.
In the context of the options provided, acculturation is the closest to the description of a sociological group adapting traits from another, though it does not always involve completely giving up one's original identity, as does assimilation. Acculturation allows for a degree of cultural exchange, where elements of both cultures can be adopted.