Final answer:
Anarchy is defined as a state of rule by no one, implying no formal government or authoritative figure. In international relations, it describes the absence of a global authority among sovereign states. Despite its common association with disorder, proponents of anarchy argue for self-governance and mutual cooperation as foundations for society.
Step-by-step explanation:
The definition of anarchy is a situation where there is rule by no one, essentially meaning the absence of a formal government or ruling authority. In an anarchic state, the concept is that people are capable of governing themselves without the need for institutionalized leadership. This idea stems from the belief that order and societal norms can emerge from the voluntary cooperation of individuals and that many of society's issues are, in fact, caused by the very existence of government itself.
In the realm of international relations, anarchy takes on a slightly different connotation, describing the lack of a central global authority to enforce laws and norms among sovereign states. Here, international anarchy implies a system where states operate independently, protecting their sovereignty, which perpetuates a lack of overarching control or governance on a global scale. Anarchy is often debated with regard to its implications on peace and security, with some arguing that it leads to order through a balance of power, while others view it as a potential source of instability and conflict.
Despite misconceptions that anarchy is synonymous with chaos, anarchists argue for a structured society based on the principles of self-governance and mutual aid. Criticisms of this theory focus on concerns that, without a formal government, there would be no effective means to deal with violence or resolve disputes fairly. However, proponents believe that the absence of government would eliminate many causes of violence and injustice.