Final answer:
Communication errors occur when the message sender produces an incoherent message, which may involve misattribution, cultural barriers, or mixed-construction sentences, leading to audience confusion.
Step-by-step explanation:
The issue in question pertains to communication errors that happen when a sender of a message creates an incoherent message leading to confusion among the audience members upon receiving it. This can arise through errors of distortion such as misattribution, where an individual mistakenly recalls the source or context of information, exemplified by Alejandra attributing a memory to Lucia that did not involve her.
Furthermore, communication can be flawed due to factors such as cultural differences, socio-economic barriers, and the use of mixed-construction sentences. Such sentences change in grammatical structure partway through, causing confusion. Additionally, miscommunication can result from perceptual mistakes, like optical illusions, the influence of mind-altering substances, or brain malfunctioning. Finally, ineffective communication may reflect a lack of awareness of or sensitivity to the rhetorical situation, leading to inconsistent tone, content that does not match the audience's expectations, or errors in language choice.