Final answer:
One of the five primary factors of personality identified by Lewis Goldberg is 'openness to experience,' which involves traits like imagination, curiosity, and a preference for a variety of interests. The correct answer is option 4.
Step-by-step explanation:
Lewis Goldberg identified the five primary personality factors, which are also known as the Big Five personality traits. One of these factors, openness to experience, is characterized by traits such as imagination, feelings, actions, and a curiosity about a variety of interests, ranging from the arts to science, as well as openness to new experiences and ideas.
The other four factors in the Five Factor Model include conscientiousness, which deals with organization and self-discipline; extroversion, related to sociability and assertiveness; agreeableness, concerning cooperativeness and kindness; and neuroticism, which concerns emotional stability and anxiety levels.
The Big Five personality factors are widely accepted in psychology and are used to describe the spectrum of human personalities. They serve as a framework for understanding individual differences and predicting various life outcomes including academic success, career paths, and relationships.