Final answer:
There are four laws of thermodynamics- Zeroth law of thermodynamics: if two bodies are each in thermal equilibrium with some third body, then they are also in equilibrium with each other. First law of thermodynamics: Energy cannot be created or destroyed. Second law of thermodynamics: For a spontaneous process, the entropy of the universe increases. Third law of thermodynamics: A perfect crystal at zero Kelvin has zero entropy.
Step-by-step explanation:
1) Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics- The Zeroth law of thermodynamics states that if two bodies are individually in equilibrium with a separate third body, then the first two bodies are also in thermal equilibrium with each other. Example: This means that if system A is in thermal equilibrium with system C and system B is also in equilibrium with system C, then system A and B are also in thermal equilibrium.
2) First Law of Thermodynamics- First law of thermodynamics, also known as the law of conservation of energy, states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another. Example: Switching on light may seem to produce energy, but it is electrical energy that is converted.
3) Second Law of Thermodynamics- Second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy in an isolated system always increases. Any isolated system spontaneously evolves towards thermal equilibrium—the state of maximum entropy of the system. Example: Mixing gases, when distinct gases are allowed to coexist, they naturally and spontaneously intermingle, moving towards a state characterized by higher entropy.
4) Third law of thermodynamics- At absolute zero degree temperature, the entropy of an ideal and perfectly crystalline solid is zero. Example: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) machines rely on superconductors and the principles of the third law of thermodynamics for their precision.