Final answer:
Intrinsic factor deficiency prevents vitamin B12 absorption leading to pernicious anemia, characterized by large immature red blood cells and impaired neurological function. Treatment involves B12 injections, and the condition is often associated with certain diets or gastrointestinal disorders. Adequate B12 and folate in diets are essential for avoiding megaloblastic anemia.
Step-by-step explanation:
When intrinsic factor is missing, the body cannot absorb vitamin B12. This deficiency leads to a specific form of anemia known as pernicious anemia. Pernicious anemia impairs the production of mature red blood cells and disrupts normal neurological functioning. This condition can result from a variety of causes, including surgical removal of the stomach or intestines, Crohn's disease, and other digestive disorders. Without vitamin B12, individuals can develop megaloblastic anemia, characterized by the presence of large, immature red blood cells. Without adequate vitamin B12 supplementation, usually through injections since dietary intake won't be absorbed, serious health issues including neurological damage can occur.
Additionally, a lack of B12 could lead to general symptoms of fatigue, weakness, constipation, loss of appetite, and weight loss. Neurological symptoms may include numbness and tingling in the hands and feet, difficulties with balance, depression, confusion, dementia, poor memory, and soreness of the mouth or tongue.
The condition can be more prevalent in individuals with diets low in vitamin B12, such as vegans and vegetarians, and in those with conditions that affect absorption, including celiac disease and specific medications. B12 is typically found in diets that include meat or other animal products, making non-animal sources of B12 critical for those adhering to vegan or vegetarian diets. Folate deficiency can also contribute to megaloblastic anemia, with dietary insufficiencies or overcooking of vegetables being common causes, highlighting the importance of a balanced diet with adequate B12 and folate.