Final answer:
Vitamins are essential organic compounds needed in trace amounts for normal metabolic processes. They are categorized as either fat-soluble or water-soluble and must be obtained from the diet. Their roles include supporting metabolism, tissue growth and functioning as cofactors for enzymatic reactions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential in very small amounts for the maintenance of normal metabolism. These compounds cannot be synthesized in adequate quantities by the human body and, therefore, must be obtained through the diet. Vitamins come in two main categories: fat-soluble and water-soluble. Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body's fatty tissue, while water-soluble vitamins must be regularly replenished as they are not stored in the body. Most water-soluble vitamins are pivotal for the formation of coenzymes, which are necessary for various enzymes to perform their catalytic functions effectively.
Vitamins play critical roles in the body, including but not limited to supporting mineral and bone metabolism, promoting cell and tissue growth, and acting as cofactors for energy metabolism. The B vitamins, for example, are heavily involved in metabolic processes. A deficiency in vitamins can lead to various health issues, as they are a crucial part of biochemical reactions within the body. Though needed in trace amounts, their impact on health is significant, making them essential nutrients alongside certain minerals and amino acids.