Final answer:
The conventional level is the stage of moral development associated with the good-boy/good-girl orientation, occurring typically during middle childhood, according to Lawrence Kohlberg's theory.
Step-by-step explanation:
The level of moral development characterized by the good-boy/good-girl orientation is known as the conventional level in Lawrence Kohlberg's theory. This stage typically manifests during middle childhood and is marked by youngsters starting to internalize societal norms. They aim to gain the approval of others and often judge actions by their intent to maintain social order and please other individuals, reflecting a shift from preconventional self-interest to a more collective perspective on morality.
Carol Gilligan, debating Kohlberg's framework, discussed how gender might influence moral development. She suggested that boys and girls may approach moral reasoning differently, with girls emphasizing a care and responsibility perspective, thus caring for others and considering people’s reasons behind actions.