Final answer:
The second leading method of contraception for women is the Intrauterine Device (IUD), followed by sterilization methods such as tubal ligation. IUDs offer long-term protection with low failure rates, while barrier methods like condoms provide added STI protection but are not as effective in preventing pregnancy.
Step-by-step explanation:
Second Leading Method of Contraception for Women
The second leading method of contraception for women after sterilization, which includes tubal ligation and vasectomy for male partners, is the use of Intrauterine Devices (IUDs). IUDs are a highly effective form of birth control with low failure rates. Inserted by a physician, these small T-shaped devices can be either copper-based or hormone-releasing and are placed in the uterus for an extended duration. While barrier methods such as condoms are the most commonly used globally, they do not exceed IUDs in effectiveness as a preventive measure for pregnancy when compliance and typical use are considered. However, condoms remain significant due to their additional benefit of sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention.
Hormonal methods, including birth control pills and injections, are also widely used and effective when used consistently and correctly.
Compliance with the contraceptive method is crucial for success, and while behavioral methods like withdrawal or fertility awareness are available, they are notably less effective compared to IUDs and hormonal contraceptives.
Ultimately, the choice of contraception depends on an individual's or couple's reproductive goals and personal preferences, with considerations for effectiveness, convenience, side effects, and reversibility of the method.