Final answer:
Reefs that grow parallel to the shoreline are called fringing reefs, which are influenced by nearshore activity and form a border along the shoreline.
Step-by-step explanation:
Reefs that grow parallel to the shoreline are called fringing reefs. These systems are close to the continental shelf and are separated from the shore by narrow, shallow lagoons. Fringing reefs are the most common type of coral reef formation. They form a border along the shoreline and are influenced by nearshore processes like longshore currents and wave activity. The back reef area behind a fringing reef may include shallow marine sediments that are influenced by tides and waves, creating a dynamic environment for various marine life forms.
Coral reefs are built by small marine invertebrates called corals that secrete calcium carbonate skeletons. These structures provide habitat for a diverse range of marine species and protect coastlines from erosion. The Great Barrier Reef is a well-known example of a coral reef, though it is classified as a barrier reef rather than a fringing reef. Coral reefs in general play a crucial role in marine biodiversity and ecosystem health.