Final answer:
This question is centered on statistical analysis within the field of Mathematics, involving the calculation of statistical measures and understanding of consumer budget constraints. The correct answer to part 3 of the question is 'D. Statistic,' indicating the mean amount spent is a statistic of the sample data provided.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject of the question is a statistical analysis of spending at a fast-food restaurant, fitting within the overarching field of Mathematics, specifically statistics which is often included in high school curricula. The student is presented with a dataset listing various amounts spent by customers and might be asked to complete tasks such as calculating the mean, median, mode, or range of the data.
Additionally, if the student is studying concepts related to economics or consumer behavior, such as budget constraints faced by consumers like Alphonso, that could also tie into a mathematics-focused exploration of linear equations and inequalities within personal finance.
Part 3 of this student's question refers to calculating a mean and identifying whether it represents a population or sample among other options. Since they are collecting samples of data, the mean amount spent would be a statistic; hence, the correct answer to this part would be 'D. Statistic.'
Regarding Alphonso's budget problem, it presents a real-life application of linear budget constraints, which is a topic within both mathematics and economics. It demonstrates how individuals must use limited resources to make choices, a fundamental concept in economics that can also be modeled mathematically. The problem would likely require setting up and solving inequalities to determine the maximum number of burgers and bus tickets Alphonso could purchase with his weekly allowance.