Final answer:
Moving a body part away from the medial plane of the body is called abduction, which occurs within the coronal plane and is a typical movement at synovial joints.
Step-by-step explanation:
Moving a body part away from the medial plane of the body is called abduction. This term is commonly used to describe movements in joints such as the shoulder or hip. For example, when you raise your arm at the shoulder joint, moving it laterally away from the body, this motion is referred to as abduction. Conversely, adduction is the movement that brings a limb medially toward or across the midline of the body, like bringing your arm down to your side after it has been abducted.
Abduction and adduction occur within the coronal plane and are typical movements at synovial joints such as the ball-and-socket joints of the shoulders and hips. The movement of spreading the fingers or toes apart is also considered abduction, while moving them together qualifies as adduction.