Final answer:
Demographic transition is a shift from high to low birth and death rates due to development and involves global regions differently: it has occurred in the US and Europe, is ongoing in developing nations, and is not directly related to specific events like the Black Death. All the options( A, B and C) are correct except option D.
Step-by-step explanation:
Demographic transition refers to the shift from high birth and death rates to lower birth and death rates as a country develops from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system. This process includes major changes that typically involve an initial drop in death rates due to improvements in healthcare and nutrition, followed by a decrease in birth rates as a result of factors such as increased education, economic changes, and shifts in social norms.
Regarding the question:
- A is correct as demographic transition is a condition that is currently considered to have occurred in the United States and Europe largely due to industrialization, where now these regions have low birth and death rates.
- B is correct, many developing nations are currently experiencing demographic transition, striving to reach low death rates and birth rates similar to those in industrialized countries.
- C is correct, demographic transition occurred earlier in Europe and the United States, primarily in the 19th century as these regions industrialized.
- D is incorrect. The demographic transition does not refer specifically to the decline caused by the Black Death pandemic in Europe. It is a broader concept that involves long-term trends over the course of economic development.