Final answer:
Theodore Roosevelt resolved the Pennsylvania coal strike by urging both sides to submit to arbitration, leading to a 10% raise for the miners and setting a precedent for federal intervention in labor disputes.
Step-by-step explanation:
President Theodore Roosevelt ended the major Pennsylvania coal strike by intervening and proposing that both sides agree to arbitration by experts in the field of coal mining. After both the coal miners and operators agreed to this, a compromise was reached.
The miners received a 10 percent raise and other reforms designed to increase safety and welfare on the job, but their demand that only union workers could be employed in the mines was rejected. Roosevelt's use of federal authority to mediate in this labor dispute represented a significant shift in the federal government's role, showing a more proactive stance in labor relations and setting a precedent for future federal intervention in strikes that threatened the public welfare.