Final answer:
Non-silicate minerals include carbonates such as calcite, halides like halite, sulfates including gypsum, and single element minerals like gold.
Step-by-step explanation:
Non-silicate minerals encompass a diverse group of mineral classes with unique chemical and physical properties. Among them, carbonates are minerals that contain the carbonate ion, CO3-, with common examples including calcite (CaCO3) and dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2).
Halides are compounds that consist of a halogen ion plus another element, such as halite (NaCl) which is common table salt, and fluorite (CaF2). Sulfates contain the sulfate ion, SO42-, with minerals like gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) and barite (BaSO4) being well-known examples. Lastly, single element minerals, also known as native elements, include metals like gold (Au), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu), as well as non-metals like sulfur (S).