Final answer:
Aristotle's terms for the protagonist's self-recognition and reversal period are anagnorisis for the moment of realization and peripeteia for the reversal of fortune.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to Aristotle, the period of "self-recognition and reversal" that the protagonist of a play goes through is called anagnorisis and peripeteia. Anagnorisis is a dramatic moment of clarity where the character realizes a truth about his or her identity or actions, leading to a serious consequence. It's closely linked with hamartia, a tragic flaw that causes the protagonist's downfall. Peripeteia is the reversal of fortune experienced by the tragic hero, which is often a result of anagnorisis. An example of peripeteia is when Creon in Antigone faces the tragic deaths of his son and wife due to his own actions, which flips his world upside down.