Final answer:
In response to the Great Famine of 1315-1322, European states faced immense challenges, with varied success in handling the crisis. Social tensions increased and public trust in both Church and monarchy was shaken, while details on specific policies implemented are rare.
Step-by-step explanation:
Response to the Great Famine of 1315-1322 in Europe
The Great Famine of 1315-1322 profoundly impacted northern Europe, leading to a dramatic population decline as up to 10 percent perished due to the crisis. The Little Ice Age, characterized by cooler temperatures and excessive rainfall, was a primary factor for the famine, causing the crop yields to plummet and food shortages to ensue. This period also saw livestock dying in large numbers from diseases like Rinderpest and Anthrax, exacerbating the food crisis.
European states struggled to cope with the famine, and their responses varied. The increase in grain prices and competition for resources led to social tensions and conflicts. The peasantry suffered significantly, and the severe scarcity challenged the existing feudal systems, resulting in strained relationships between the peasants and their feudal lords. High taxation and the demand for labor remained problematic amidst the crisis. Such circumstances called into question the effectiveness of the Church and monarchies in handling disasters, which ultimately had long-lasting effects on public trust within these institutions.
Unfortunately, detailed accounts of specific measures taken by different states are rare, but we know from historical records like those from Johannes de Trokelowe that daily life was severely affected by the rapidly rising prices and scarcity of food. Some regions might have attempted to implement emergency measures, such as importing grain, instituting price controls, or rationing, but the success of these efforts was likely limited due to the widespread nature of the crisis.