Final answer:
Meningitis and encephalitis can be diagnosed by performing a lumbar puncture to collect a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is then analyzed for the presence of pathogens. Treatment usually involves antibiotics for bacterial infections or antiviral drugs for viral infections.
Step-by-step explanation:
Meningitis and encephalitis can be diagnosed by performing a lumbar puncture, also known as a spinal tap. This procedure involves inserting a needle into the spinal canal to collect a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The CSF is then analyzed in a medical lab to check for the presence of pathogens. If meningitis or encephalitis is diagnosed, treatment typically involves the use of antibiotics for bacterial infections or antiviral drugs for viral infections. Additional measures, such as corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, may also be included in the treatment plan.