Answer:
See all the required balance sheets below.
Step-by-step explanation:
a. Show the balance sheet of the Federal Reserve and National Bank if National Bank converts all excess reserves to loans, but borrowers return only 50 percent of these funds to National Bank as transaction deposits
a(1) The Initial Balance Sheet will look as follows:
Federal Reserve Bank
Balance Sheet
Particulars Amount ($' million)
Assets
Treasury Securities (w.1) 50
Liabilities
Reserves (w.1) 50
National Bank
Balance Sheet
Particulars Amount ($' million)
Assets
Reserve deposits at Fed (w.1) 50
Loan 450
Total assets 500
Liabilities
Deposit 500
Total liabilities 500
a(2) The Balance Sheet after all the changes will look as follows:
Federal Reserve Bank
Balance Sheet
Particulars Amount ($' million)
Assets
Treasury Securities (w.5) 41.38
Liabilities
Reserve (w.5) 41.38
National Bank
Balance Sheet
Particulars Amount ($' million)
Assets
Reserve deposits at Fed (w.5) 41.38
Loan (w.6) 475.86
Total assets 517.24
Liabilities
Deposit 517.24
Total liabilities 517.24
b. Show the balance sheet of the Federal Reserve and National Bank if National Bank converts 75 percent of its excess reserves to loans and borrowers return 60 percent of these funds to National Bank as transaction deposits.
b(1) The Initial Balance Sheet will look as follows:
Federal Reserve Bank
Balance Sheet
Particulars Amount ($' million)
Assets
Treasury Securities (w.1) 50
Liabilities
Reserves (w.1) 50
National Bank
Balance Sheet
Particulars Amount ($' million)
Assets
Reserve deposits at Fed (w.1) 50
Loan 450
Total assets 500
Liabilities
Deposit 500
Total liabilities 500
b(2) The Balance Sheet after all the changes will look as follows:
Federal Reserve Bank
Balance Sheet
Particulars Amount ($' million)
Assets
Treasury Securities (w.5) 41.38
Liabilities
Reserve (w.5) 41.38
National Bank
Balance Sheet
Particulars Amount ($' million)
Assets
Reserve deposits at Fed (w.10) 41.25
Loan (w.11) 474.38
Total assets 515.63
Liabilities
Deposit 515.63
Total liabilities 515.63
Workings:
For part a
w.1: Treasury Securities = Reserves = Current transaction deposits * Current reserve requirement percentage = $500 million * 10% = $50 million
w.2: New initial required reserves = Current transaction deposits * New reserve requirement percentage = $500 million * 8% = $500 million * 8% = $40 million
w.3: Change in bank deposits = (1/(New reserve requirement percentage + (1 – Percentage returned by borrowers))) * (Old initial required reserves - New initial required reserves) * Percentage of excess reserves converted to loans by National Bank = (1/(8% + (1 - 50%))) * (50 million - $40 million) * 100 = 17.24 million
w.4: New transaction deposits = Current transaction deposits + Change in bank deposits = $500 million + $17.24 million = $517.24 million
w.5: Treasury Securities = Reserve deposits at Fed = New transaction deposits * New reserve requirement percentage = $517.24 million * 8% = $41.38 million
w.6: Loans = New transaction deposits - Reserve deposits at Fed = $517.24 million - $41.38 million = $475.86 million
For part b.
w.7: New initial required reserves = Current transaction deposits * New reserve requirement percentage = $500 million * 8% = $500 million * 8% = $40 million
w.8: Change in bank deposits = (1/(New reserve requirement percentage + (1 – Percentage returned by borrowers))) * (Old initial required reserves - New initial required reserves) * Percentage of excess reserves converted to loans by National Bank = (1/(8% + (1 - 60%))) * (50 million - $40 million) * 75% = 15.63 million
w.9: New transaction deposits = Current transaction deposits + Change in bank deposits = $500 million + $15.63 million = $515.63 million
w.10: Reserve deposits at Fed = New transaction deposits * New reserve requirement percentage = $515.63 million * 8% = $41.25 million
w.11: Loans = New transaction deposits - Reserve deposits at Fed = $515.63 million - $41.25 million = $474.38 million