Final answer:
Only European countries did not establish colonies in Asia, as the direct answer is b. False. The United States and Japan were also involved in acquiring Asian territories during the era of late nineteenth-century imperialism. Alliances with local powers were crucial to the strength and maintenance of these colonies.
Step-by-step explanation:
Various countries, including those outside of Europe, had colonial interests in Asia. For instance, the United States acquired territories such as the Philippines during the period in question.
European imperial powers like Britain and France had established colonies long before the late nineteenth century. However, other nations, including the United States, Germany, and Japan, began acquiring or seeking colonies later on, reflecting the broader imperialism of the industrial age. Notably, countries such as Japan expanded their influence in places like Korea, while the United States annexed territories across the Pacific like Hawaii, Guam, and the Philippines.
The colonizationist scheme was not only driven by the exploitation of resources but also strategic interests. Alliances with local powers, such as those with Indian entities, were vital for the establishment and maintenance of power in these regions. Additionally, colonial relationships and purposes evolved over time, with later colonies not always expected to sustain large European settler populations.