Final answer:
Pre-renal causes of AKI are factors that occur before the kidneys and lead to decreased blood flow to the kidneys. These factors can include hypovolemia, hypotension, and hypoperfusion.
Step-by-step explanation:
Pre-Renal Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
Pre-renal causes of AKI are factors that occur before the kidneys and lead to decreased blood flow to the kidneys. These factors can include:
- Hypovolemia: Decreased blood volume, often caused by shock, dehydration, or excessive use of diuretics.
- Hypotension: Low blood pressure, which can be caused by conditions like congestive heart failure or sepsis.
- Hypoperfusion: Inadequate perfusion of the kidneys, usually due to reduced cardiac output or vasoconstriction.
When blood flow to the kidneys is compromised, it can result in a decrease in urine output and an accumulation of waste products in the blood, leading to AKI.