Final answer:
Acceptable forms of multitasking mentioned in the articles include working out while listening to music and completing low cognitive tasks simultaneously, both of which utilize cognitive resources efficiently. So option (a) & (c) are correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
The articles have cited several instances as acceptable forms of multitasking, which exhibit the efficient allocation of cognitive resources. These include:
Working out while listening to music: This is often considered an effective form of multitasking as the cognitive effort required for working out is minimal, allowing one to enjoy music without impairing the physical activity.
Completing low cognitive tasks simultaneously: Tasks that require minimal cognitive effort can often be combined without significantly impairing performance on either task. This is because such tasks often become automated with practice and require less active thinking or focus.
However, tasks such as learning new material while texting friends are generally discouraged as multitasking in educational contexts because they divide cognitive resources in a way that is detrimental to learning and retention.