Final answer:
Lee's defensive warfare philosophy stresses the importance of preparedness and deception, mirroring Sun Tzu's advice in The Art of War to avoid defeat, exploit enemy weaknesses, and use strategic calculations for victory.
Step-by-step explanation:
Lee's philosophy of defensive warfare, often derived from his actions during the American Civil War, embraces the principles of being prepared and using deception as a strategic advantage. He emphasized the importance of making one's position unassailable and being ready to exploit the enemy's weaknesses.
Sun Tzu's tactical dispositions in The Art of War similarly advise that warfare is based on deception, with recommendations to appear weak when strong, and distant when near. These ideas influenced many military strategists including Lee. The principle of avoiding defeat by not exposing oneself to unnecessary risk, and waiting for the right opportunity to strike, closely aligns with Lee's defensive stance.
Lee's strategy includes evading a stronger enemy and attacking him where he is unprepared, demonstrating the essence of using careful calculations and understanding the conditions of battle to secure victory. This approach illustrates the intricate balance between defense and offense in warfare strategy.