Final answer:
Justin may have been exposed to a teratogen, such as alcohol consumption during pregnancy, which can lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). FASD can cause cognitive deficits, developmental delays, behavioral issues, and distinctive facial features. Pregnant women should avoid alcohol to protect their baby's health and development.
Step-by-step explanation:
Justin's low birth weight and the problems he is showing in attention, perception, and learning suggest that he may have been exposed to a teratogen. Teratogens are environmental agents that can cause damage to the developing embryo or fetus. In this case, one possible teratogen that could have contributed to Justin's condition is alcohol consumption during pregnancy.
Drinking alcohol during pregnancy can lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), which can result in cognitive deficits, developmental delays, behavioral issues, and distinctive facial features. It is important for pregnant women to avoid consuming alcohol to protect the health and development of their baby.