Final answer:
To diagnose ovarian cancer, blood tests such as cancer marker panels, imaging tests like ultrasounds and CT scans, and potentially a biopsy are used. Laparoscopy may be performed for direct inspection, and genetic testing for BRCA may be considered.
Step-by-step explanation:
To diagnose ovarian cancer, a comprehensive approach is necessary, involving various diagnostic tests. These often start with blood tests to check for cancer markers. Next, imaging tests like ultrasounds or CT scans can visualize the ovaries for abnormalities. Unlike cervical cancer, which can be screened for with a Pap smear, ovarian cancer requires more complex imaging techniques for detection. If a mass is found, a biopsy might be necessary to determine if it's cancerous. In some cases, a surgical procedure called laparoscopy might be performed. This involves inserting a camera through a small incision in the abdomen to inspect the ovaries directly. Additionally, genetic testing for BRCA mutations may be recommended, particularly if there's a family history of ovarian cancer.