Final answer:
This is a test of one proportion comparing the proportion of people in the town suffering from depression to the population proportion.
Step-by-step explanation:
This is a test of one proportion. We are comparing the proportion of people in the town suffering from depression or a depressive illness to the population proportion of American adults suffering from the same.
The null hypothesis (H0) is that the true proportion of people in the town suffering from depression or a depressive illness is equal to the population proportion. The alternative hypothesis (Ha) is that the true proportion in the town is lower than the population proportion.
To conduct the hypothesis test, we can use a one-sample proportion test. Calculate the test statistic (z-score) and corresponding p-value. Compare the p-value to the significance level of 0.05 to make a decision on whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis.