Final answer:
The energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree is called Specific Heat, which is the heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of the substance by 1°C. Option A is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
The energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree is known as Specific Heat. It is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of the substance by 1°C (degree Celsius) or 1K (kelvin).
The specific heat of a substance is a characteristic property and is commonly expressed in units of cal/g°C or J/g°C. The heat capacity of an object, which is related but slightly different, is the amount of heat required to raise its entire temperature by 1°C. The units of heat capacity are often joules per degree Celsius.
The calorie and joule are both units of heat flow. The joule (J) is the SI unit of energy, and a calorie (cal) is defined as the heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1°C. For example, if we want to raise the temperature of 100 grams of water from 20°C to 22°C, it would require 200 calories (100 grams × 2°C).