Final answer:
Ovulation is the process of releasing a mature ovum from the ovary, typically occurring around day 14 of a 28-day menstrual cycle, in response to hormonal changes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The release of a mature ovum from an ovary approximately 14 days before the onset of menstruation is known as ovulation. This event is a significant part of the menstrual cycle, occurring around day 14 of a typical 28-day cycle. The ovum, or egg, is released in response to a spike in luteinizing hormone (LH) triggered by a rise in estrogen levels as the follicular phase concludes. The released ovum may then be swept into the Fallopian tube, where it has the potential to be fertilized by sperm.
The menstrual cycle is composed of the follicular phase, ovulation, and the luteal phase. The follicular phase involves the preparation and maturation of a Graafian follicle which culminates in ovulation. Following this event, the ovarian cycle enters the luteal phase where the corpus luteum forms and produces hormones such as estrogen and progesterone, preparing the uterus for potential pregnancy.