Final answer:
The modern Republican Party is correctly identified as emerging around the time of the Civil War, not with Andrew Jackson, Thomas Jefferson, or the Anti-federalist Party.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct statement about the modern Republican Party is that it emerged as a major party only around the time of the Civil War. This means that statements (a), (c), and (d) are not accurate regarding the history of the Republican Party. The modern Republican Party was formed in the 1850s and rose to prominence as the anti-slavery party, which opposed the expansion of slavery into new territories and states. It is unrelated to the party formed by Thomas Jefferson, which was the Democratic-Republican Party, and is also distinct from Andrew Jackson's Democratic Party that emerged around 1824. The Republican Party's first successful presidential candidate was Abraham Lincoln, elected in 1860.