Final answer:
President Reagan's policy of deregulation is NOT a major cause in the rise of a more active and expanding federal bureaucracy. Industrialization, urbanization, and Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal program all contributed to increased federal involvement, while Reagan aimed to reduce the government's role.
Step-by-step explanation:
The event that is NOT a major cause in the rise of a more active and expanding federal bureaucracy is d. President Reagan's policy of Deregulation. During his administration, President Ronald Reagan pursued a policy of deregulation, which differed from efforts that expanded the federal government's role in the economy. While industrialization, urbanization, and Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal Program all contributed significantly to the growth of federal bureaucracy, Reagan's policies aimed to reduce federal intervention in business, thereby not contributing to the bureaucracy's expansion.
In contrast, Roosevelt's New Deal in the 1930s introduced a range of government programs to combat the Great Depression, which significantly increased the size of the federal bureaucracy through agencies such as the FDIC, NLRB, SEC, and others. Similarly, industrialization and urbanization in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries required greater federal involvement in economic affairs, laying the groundwork for future expansions of bureaucracy.
Therefore, while expansions of federal bureaucracy occurred particularly during the 1930s and the era of the New Deal, President Reagan's time in office is more associated with efforts to limit the scope of federal bureaucracy through policies of deregulation, even though some aspects of government did expand, such as defense spending during the Cold War.