Final answer:
The correct answer is 'a) Representativeness heuristic' which involves comparing a specific case to our mental model of a particular category in the process of making a judgment.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process of judging something by comparing it to our mental representation of a category uses the representativeness heuristic. This is because the representativeness heuristic involves comparing a specific case to our mental model of a category. The process is not about how available the information is (availability heuristic), nor is it about relying on initial information (anchoring and adjustment), nor about seeking information that confirms our pre-existing beliefs (confirmation bias).
For example, if we easily remember an instance or scenario, we may incorrectly think that the chances are high that the scenario will be repeated. Therefore, the final option to the student's question is: a) Representativeness heuristic.