Final answer:
The first political parties in the U.S. were the Federalists led by Alexander Hamilton and the Democratic-Republicans led by Thomas Jefferson, corresponding to option (d) followers of both men.
Step-by-step explanation:
The first political party in the United States formed around the ideas and leadership of both Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson. The Federalists, who supported a strong central government and were led by Alexander Hamilton, differed from the Democratic-Republicans or simply Republicans, who advocated for more power to the states and were led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. Although George Washington warned about the dangers of political parties in his farewell address, partisan politics became a reality in the early years of the United States, leading to the creation of these two original parties.
Answering the student's question directly, the first political party in the United States consisted of the followers of Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson, which corresponds to option (d) b and c.