Final answer:
The theory described by inferring our own attitudes by observing our behaviors is known as the Self-Perception Theory. It contrasts with Goffman's and Cooley's ideas which focus on how others' perceptions shape our self-image, and is related to the concept of actor-observer bias.
Step-by-step explanation:
The theory that suggests when we are unsure of our attitudes, we infer them by looking at our behavior as an observer would, is called the Self-Perception Theory. This concept was proposed by psychologist Daryl Bem. It posits that individuals come to understand their own attitudes and emotions by observing their own behavior and the situation in which the behavior occurs, similar to how they might infer the attitudes of others.
The Self-Perception Theory contrasts with Goffman's dramaturgy ideas and Cooley's looking-glass self, which argue that our self-image is shaped by how we believe others perceive us. The example provided suggests that the actor-observer bias influences our interpretation of behaviors, leading us to attribute others' actions to their dispositions while explaining our own behaviors in terms of situational factors.