Final answer:
Socially shared beliefs and our assumptions and cultural ideologies correspond to norms, which are the understood and widely accepted rules of behavior within a society. These norms form the basis of a society's worldview and dictate the appropriate behavior for its members, shaping both group and individual identities.
Step-by-step explanation:
Socially shared beliefs, including our assumptions and cultural ideologies, can be described as norms (c). These are the accepted standards and rules that members of a society or group are expected to follow. Not just arbitrary expectations, norms are deeply ingrained, serving as the guidelines for appropriate thoughts, feelings, and behaviors within a culture.
Belief systems, often termed worldviews, consist of the collective interpretations through which societies act and make sense of the world. This encompasses perceptions that vary depending on individual factors such as gender, age, or occupation. Beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors within a culture are communicated both explicitly, like in a school orientation session, and implicitly, such as the unsaid rules of where to sit in a cafeteria.
Understanding that these societal elements are essential components of worldviews helps explain why individuals act in particular ways within their environments. A reference group (c) is a group whose values and standards are adopted by an individual, further influencing personal behavior and identity. Overall, norms reflect the core values and belief systems of a society, shaping the actions and identities of its members.