Final answer:
The ingestion of stimulants triggering panic attacks is best understood through the biological model, which takes into account physiological and genetic factors that influence psychological disorders. The correct answer is b) Biological model.
Step-by-step explanation:
The best model to understand how panic attacks may be triggered by ingestion of stimulants, such as caffeine, or the lactate produced during exercise is the biological model. This model emphasizes the physiological and genetic factors in understanding psychological disorders. For instance, the fight-or-flight response is a well-documented biological reaction that involves the rapid arousal of the sympathetic nervous system and the endocrine system.
Similarly, panic attacks involve a sudden release of adrenaline and other stress hormones, which can be stimulated by substances like caffeine or exercise-induced lactate. Thus, viewing panic attacks through the lens of the biological model allows for the analysis of these physical triggers and their impact on body systems. The correct answer is b) Biological model.