Question

I provide Ralph with positive reinforcement of candy when he does something I like. I punish him with a squirt bottle when he does something I don't like. What principles am I applying to modify his behavior?

a) Classical conditioning
b) Operant conditioning
c) Observational learning
d) Social learning theory

Answer 1

The principles applied to modify Ralph's behavior through rewards and punishments are based on operant conditioning, a method of learning where behaviors are influenced by their consequences.

Step-by-step explanation:

When you provide Ralph with positive reinforcement of candy when he does something you like, and you punish him with a squirt bottle when he does something you don't like, you are applying the principles of operant conditioning. This form of learning is based on the work of psychologist B.F. Skinner and involves modifying behavior through consequences, which are either reinforcers or punishers. Positive reinforcement, such as the candy, increases the likelihood of Ralph repeating the desired behavior, while punishment, such as the squirt bottle, decreases the likelihood of the undesired behavior reoccurring.

The principles you are applying to modify Ralph's behavior are operant conditioning. Operant conditioning, developed by B.F. Skinner, involves learning through consequences. In this case, you provide positive reinforcement in the form of candy when Ralph does something you like, which increases the likelihood of that behavior being repeated. You also punish him with a squirt bottle when he does something you don't like, which decreases the likelihood of that behavior being repeated.