Final answer:
An athlete defending the use of illegal drugs because everyone does it demonstrates conventional moral reasoning, which is focused on societal norms and the desire to fit in.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development, an athlete who justifies the use of illegal performance-enhancing drugs by arguing that it is acceptable since everyone does it would be at the conventional stage of moral development. This stage is typically seen in adolescence and involves consideration of societal norms and the desire to conform to what is perceived as socially acceptable behavior. The athlete's reasoning reflects a focus on social norms rather than an understanding of abstract moral principles that characterize the post-conventional stage or the self-centered reasoning associated with the pre-conventional stage.
Kohlberg's conventional level of moral development occurs when children start to internalize societal norms concerning right and wrong. They begin to understand and care about others' feelings and take these perspectives into account. Children at this stage strive to uphold laws, rules, and social conventions, seeking approval from societal structures and peers.
In the context of sports and ethics, the use of performance-enhancing drugs violates the fair play principle and is often prohibited by sports governing bodies due to both ethical and health concerns. Athletes caught doping may face severe consequences, including suspension and damage to their reputation. Kohlberg's theory helps understand the moral reasoning behind such decisions.