Final answer:
In Horney's view, childhood influences are important, and they continue to shape personality throughout one's life. She emphasized social and cultural factors that persist in shaping personality into adulthood, suggesting that personality development is a lifelong process.
Step-by-step explanation:
In Horney's view, although childhood influences are important, d) They continue to shape personality throughout one's life. Karen Horney, a notable neo-Freudian, acknowledged that childhood experiences play a vital role in personality development. However, unlike Freud who emphasized the psychosexual stages of early childhood, Horney and other neo-Freudians shifted the focus onto social and cultural factors rather than innate sexual drives. They posited that these experiences persist in shaping personality as one grows and interacts more with their environment.Horney's theory contested Freud's notion of personality being primarily formed in childhood, suggesting that personality development is a constant process influenced by current challenges, interpersonal relationships, and societal pressures even into adulthood. This viewpoint aligns with the ideas of other theorists like Erik Erikson, who also believed in the lifelong development of personality through psychosocial stages.The answer aligns with the contemporary understanding that while early experiences lay a foundation for later personality traits, individuals continue to evolve and develop throughout their lives due to various ongoing external and internal influences.