Final answer:
Carl Jung used an approach called life history analysis to understand an individual's past experiences and their effect on current neurotic conditions. This method contrasts with Freud's emphasis on dream analysis, slips of the tongue, and free association. The correct answer to the question is (d) Life history analysis.
Step-by-step explanation:
Carl Jung, a notable Swiss psychiatrist and once a protégé of Sigmund Freud, diverged from Freud's psychoanalytic approach to develop his own methodology known as analytical psychology. One of the techniques he employed in understanding a person's psyche was the life history analysis. This method entailed a comprehensive examination of an individual's past experiences to discern developmental patterns contributing to their current neurotic condition. Unlike Freud, who emphasized the role of the unconscious and used dream analysis, slips of the tongue, and free association to analyze it, Jung's approach integrated both conscious and unconscious aspects of thought and experience within an individual's personality. The process aimed to achieve balance and self-realization through the integration of these unconscious elements into consciousness, often emphasizing the second half of life for this journey. Thus, the answer to the student's question is (d) Life history analysis.