Final answer:
Piaget's formal operational stage, starting around age 11, is characterized by the development of abstract and hypothetical thinking, allowing individuals to reason about concepts beyond the tangible and consider multiple perspectives in problem-solving.
Step-by-step explanation:
Piaget's formal operational stage is the final stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development, beginning around age 11 and continuing into adulthood. In this stage, individuals move beyond concrete thinking to develop the capability for abstract and hypothetical thinking. They can think logically not only about tangible objects and events but also about abstract concepts and hypothetical scenarios.
This stage enables individuals to solve problems with abstract reasoning, consider alternative solutions, and test these solutions systematically. For instance, adolescents in this stage can discuss theoretical matters like politics, justice, and ethics, and are also known for questioning authority and societal norms. They are able to comprehend mathematical abstractions and formulate hypotheses, making decisions that include both logical and emotional considerations.