Final answer:
The concept of successive approximations is closely tied to the process of operant conditioning, a theory developed by B. F. Skinner. Shaping is an operant conditioning technique using successive approximations to teach complex behaviors. The correct option is b) Process of operant conditioning
Step-by-step explanation:
According to the behavioristic view, the concept of successive approximations is most related to the process of operant conditioning.
Operant conditioning, which was developed by psychologist B. F. Skinner, involves learning behaviors through reinforcement or punishment after the behavior is exhibited.
This approach includes a technique known as shaping, where behaviors are rewarded not all at once but through gradual steps closer to the desired behavior.
This method is critical for teaching complex behaviors that are unlikely to occur spontaneously and is rooted in the law of effect, proposed by Edward Thorndike, which observes that behaviors followed by satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated.
Skinner's box experiments with rats are classic examples of operant conditioning where actions lead to consequences like food reward or absence thereof. The correct option is b) Process of operant conditioning